Yes, `querySelectorAll()` can be used to select elements based on their presence in a specific HTML5 data structure, such as a data list or a table, by using appropriate CSS selectors as its argument.
For example, if you want to select all the table rows (`<tr>`) inside a table with an ID of "example-table", you would use:
```javascript
const tableRows = document.querySelectorAll("#example-table tr");
```
Similarly, if you want to select all the options (`<option>`) inside a data list with an ID of "example-datalist", you would use:
```javascript
const dataListOptions = document.querySelectorAll("#example-datalist option");
```
Remember to use the correct CSS selectors to target the specific elements within the data structures that you need.